Izazovi digitalizacije procesa rada – uporedna iskustva u ugrožavanju i zaštiti osnovnih prava radnika
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Apstrakt
Razvoj savremenog radnog prava uslovljen je izmenama koje se nužno dešavaju u procesima rada. Nove tehnologije se uvode praktično konstantno, čineći određena prava (i obaveze) radnika aktuelnijim i nezaobilaznim – kao što je pravo na stručno usavršavanje i prilagođavanje novim tehnološkim rešenjima. Takav razvoj podrazumeva određene olakšice radnicima. Međutim, digitalizacija procesa rada donosi i izazove za očuvanje osnovnih prava po osnovu rada, koji se svode na korišćenje savremenih tehnologija za nametanje uslova rada koji su ispod međunarodno dostignutih standarda, a neretko i ispod nacionalnih minimalnih standarda postavljenih zakonom o radu.
Postoje dve vrste tih izazova. Jedna se odnosi na radnike koji obavljaju poslove u klasičnim zanimanjima, koji su pod uticajem digitalizacije procesa rada pre svega zbog ustanovljenih novih pravila prilikom ostvarivanja određenih prava koja im pripadaju, odnosno zbog modifikacija izvršenja pojedinačnih zadataka u radnom procesu. Druga vrsta radnika su takozvani digitalni radnici, koji potpuno zavise od informaciono-komunikacionih tehnologija prilikom obavljanja rada. Klasičan primer tih radnika su takozvani platformski radnici.
U radu se istražuju obe kategorije radnika, uz praćenje nekih osnovnih trendova u uporednim zakonodavstvima i sudskoj praksi, i relevantni stavovi autora koji se bave pitanjima digitalizacije rada. Obrađeno je nekoliko evropskih zemalja, dok je Srbija pomenuta pre svega u kontekstu upoređivanja stanja zakonodavstva i percepcije postojanja kršenja prava radnika.
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