Vladavina prava – načelni izazovi i presek stanja u Srbiji na odabranim primerima iz oblasti pravosuđa
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Postignuća u oblasti vladavine prava predstavljaju samu okosnicu procesa pridruživanja Evropskoj uniji. Tokom poslednje decenije vladavina prava nalazi se i u fokusu unutrašnjih politika EU i nije više samo apstraktna dužnost već dobija jasnije materijalne obrise. Primetna je multiplikacija različitih instrumenata i mehanizama koji se odnose na zaštitu vladavine prava unutar Unije, što ovaj, i dalje fluidni koncept, dodatno čini pokretnom metom za države kandidate. Naime, u kontekstu procesa pridruživanja EU, metodologija izveštavanja u vezi sa vladavinom prava menjala se tokom godina, pri čemu je značajno primetiti da ona nikada nije bila detaljno objašnjena. Raznovrsnost i brojnost mehanizama koje EU koristi kako bi pratila stanje u svojim državama članicama, preklapanja, ali i nemale razlike i nepodudarnosti u pogledu indikatora i izvora koji se koriste za sagledavanje postignuća država kandidata, otežavaju njihovo upoređivanje i postavljanje jasnijih dugoročnih ciljeva u procesu pridruživanja. Istovremeno se čini da i dalje postoji rizik da će države kandidati u procesu pridruživanja percipirati reforme u oblasti vladavine prava kao merljive ciljeve koje treba jednokratno ostvariti, umesto da ih internalizuju kao stalnu težnju ka vladavini prava. Imajući u vidu ograničen domet ovog rada i budući da je diskusija o vladavini prava unutar EU poslednjih godina uglavnom usmerena na funkcionisanje pravosuđa, rad se fokusira na sagledavanje stanja u oblasti pravosuđa u Srbiji. Konkretnije, u radu se kao paradigmatični primeri za koje postoje jasni statistički podaci ispituju ključni aspekti efikasnosti i kvaliteta srpskog pravosuđa njegovim poređenjem sa odgovarajućim rezultatima u državama članicama EU.
Na početku autorke ukratko predstavljaju složenost metodologije kojom se prati vladavina prava u unutrašnjim politikama EU, kako bi jasnije ilustrovale utisak o stalno pokretnoj meti koju predstavljaju pravne tekovine EU u oblasti vladavine prava. Potom ukazuju na metodološke izazove prilikom poređenja različitih dostupnih setova podataka i analiza stanja u pravosuđu u Srbiji kao državi kandidatu sa rezultatima država članica EU. Nakon toga, autorke predstavljaju statističke podatke koji ilustruju trenutno stanje u pravosuđu Srbije preko odabranih indikatora efikasnosti i kvaliteta pravosuđa i upoređuju ih sa rezultatima država članica EU. Autorke na primeru Srbije zaključuju da uprkos ostvarenom napretku pravosuđa nego prethodnih godina, Srbija i dalje umnogome zaostaje za onim državama članicama EU koje postižu najbolje rezultate. Pravosudni sistem u Srbiji i dalje se pokazuje kao sistem u kome resursi nisu optimalno raspoređeni i u kome sudski postupci dugo traju. Zaključuje se da čak i prilično precizno formulisana prelazna merila koja se odnose na pravosuđe ne daju dovoljno jak podsticaj za značajnija i trajnija postignuća. Autorke sugerišu da bi, umesto zadržavanja na poređenju sa drugim državama kandidatima, sistematično poređenje efikasnosti i kvaliteta pravosudnog sistema u Srbiji sa efikasnošću i kvalitetom pravosudnih sistema država članica EU, moglo dati novi podsticaj sistemskim reformama u pravosuđu Srbije i na taj način ojačati proces pridruživanja.
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